swine flu virus

2009-10-10T23:57:00.000-07:00

1. Title Page

Swine Flu( AH1N1 virus)

A Research Paper
Presented to
Mr. Neil A. Improgo
Faculty of the English Department
Manolo Fortich National High School
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Course
English IV
by
Paula Gwen Balatero
Johanna Galapin
Maria Theresa Laroco
October, 2009

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The researchers would like to express their sincerest and profound thanks to the following persons who extended help and encouragement to make this study a reality;
Mr. Neil Improgo, English Teacher, for his valuable and expert advise, knowledge and excellent ideas, thus supporting, advising, supervising and guiding the researches with utmost patience that inspire to complete the study;
Dr. Erlinda C. Chico, Secondary School Principal II of Manolo Fortich National High School, for her understanding and cooperation in allowing the researchers to use the Computer Laboratory for their research work;
Miss Methuselah K. Arenas, Class Adivser, for her sincere and moral support;
The parents of the researchers, for the support and concern that serves as the researcher’s inspiration during the making of the study.
Above all, to Almighty GOD, for the enlightenment, strength, wisdom patience and guidance which He bestowed upon the researchers all times.

3. Dedication

DEDICATION

To
Our beloved parents,
schoolmates, classmates, and friends ;
our relatives, teachers and
most especially to
our dearest school
MANOLO FORTICH NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
This humble piece of work is dedicated.
Paula Gwen Balatero
Johanna Galapin
Maria Theresa Laroco

4. Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

TITLE PAGE i ACKNOWLEDGMENT ii
DEDICATION iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS iv
Outline 1
Introduction
Body
Conclusion
WORKS CITED 20
APPENDICES
Pictures 21
Video 22
Concept Map

Introduction

Swine influenza is a highly contagious respiratory disease in pigs caused by one of several swine influenza A viruses. In addition, influenza C viruses may also cause illness in swine. Current strategies to control swine influenza virus (SIV) in animals typically include one of several commercially available bivalent swine influenza virus vaccines.
Transmission of swine influenza viruses to humans is uncommon. However, the swine influenza virus can be transmitted to humans via contact with infected pigs or environments contaminated with swine influenza viruses. Once a human becomes infected, he or she can then spread the virus to other humans, presumably in the same way as seasonal influenza is spread (ie, via coughing or sneezing).

Body

Swine Flu

The H1N1 virus (swine influenza) is a novel infection that has not earlier been known in North America. It has recently, however, infected a number of people in the United States and Mexico. Swine flu is actually a respiratory virus of pigs which was first identified in 1918 and although historic diffusion to human beings has been sporadic, the infection rate in humans is intensifying at present (Barnes, 2008).
The H1N1 virus, just like seasonal influenza, is simply spread by the minute drops in a sneeze or cough. The person infected may cough into an empty space but it will leave microorganisms (germs) on the place that can easily be picked by the other person by touching that place.
The major symptoms of swine influenza are reported to include chills, dyspnea, headache, vomiting, diarrhea, myalgia, and fatigue. The chances of having Conjunctivitis is uncommon, but has been reported in some cases. Other symptoms include mild illness of respiratory track like nasal blocking and rhino rhea without temperature. In very rare cases sporadic severe diseases like pneumonia and respiratory failure also has been reported. Approximately thirty to fifty percent of the severe and deadly swine flu infections have been among young and middle-aged people who were previously in good physical shape (Barnes, 2008).
This flu is caused by three types (strains) of viruses - influenza A, B and C. Type A is responsible for the deadly influenza pandemics (worldwide epidemics) that strike every 10 to 40 years, whereas type B causes smaller, more localized outbreaks. Type C is less common and causes only mild symptoms. The influenza virus is generally passed from person to person by airborne transmission (i.e., sneezing or coughing). But, the vus can also live for a short time on objects -- such as doorknobs, pens, pencils, keyboards, telephone receivers, and eating or drinking utensils. Therefore, it may also be spread by touching something that has been handled by someone infected with the virus and then touching your own mouth, nose, or eyes Influenza virus is spread by inhaling droplets that have been coughed or sneezed out by an infected person or by having direct contact with an infected person's secretions. Handling household articles that have been in contact with an infected person or an infected person's secretions may sometimes spread the disease.

History of Swine flu

The Influenza outbreak of 1918, also remembered as the “Spanish” flu strain, and graded as an epidemic, is believed to have infected more than thirty percent of the total population of the world and became the source of as many as fifty million fatalities (Barnes, 2008). The death figure, according to the United States Center for Disease Control, could have been almost twice that since a number of people departed their life in that era were not actually diagnosed, nor were any samples of blood taken for testing and identification of the infection in the laboratory.
The rising rate of the swine flu infection rate has forced WHO to raise the level of the swine flu alert to its extreme alert level of Phase six from Phase five. The WHO, by moving up to its maximum alert level is signifying the fact that a worldwide epidemic might be under way. The severity of the virus, at this initial stage however, can be described internationally as being moderate.
Steps taken to control the epidemic
The Government, in order to control the spread of the endemic, has extended the authority of health officials and representatives to force the infected people and those who have been in a very close contact with somebody who has swine flu infection to be quarantined at home. This also includes forced barring of students and teachers from educational institutes.
(http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/04/090428222627.html)
This authority, however, has not considered necessary to be used since everyone who has been requested to segregate themselves has done so willingly and voluntarily.
Tony Ryall, the Health Minister has lately announced that The H1N1 virus -swine flu has been added to the health policies covering diseases that are notifiable and transmittable. The health ministry has informed the educational institutes to be ready for unexpected closures that could last more than a few weeks, and to have discussions with parents about distant learning.

Conclusion

Swine flu is a new virus that the world has never seen before, it has many similarities to the past pandemics and could ultimately turn into another 1918, however unlikely that sounds at this moment in time. Since it's discovery in April it has spread around the globe and has caused infections in 74 countries totalling over 27000 infections, but the real number will be much closer to 500000. The spread of this virus is far from over and the threat of a 2nd more severe wave in the Autumn or winter has the world hanging on by a knife point. This virus could mutate and become far dangerous, current estimations calculate that 120 million people may die from this newly discovered to which we have no immunity to. All in all this situation is likely to get worse in the next couple of months and we should now focus our efforts on helping developing countries like Africa and also saving as many as we can, too carry on life if an unprecedented amount of people die.

WORKS CITED

(http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/04/090428222627.html)

The "Flu". Online. 17 Feb. 1999. Available: www.ultranet.com/~jkimball/BiologyPages/I/Influenza.html

Laitlin, Elissa A. and Elise M. Pelletier. "The Influenza A/New Jersey(Swine Flu) Vaccine and Guillain-Barréacute; Syndrome: The Arguments for Causal Association." Drugs and Devices Line, 1997. Online. 15 Feb. 1999. Available: www.hsph.harvard.edu/Organizations/ddil/swieflu.html

Silverstein, Arthur M. Pure Politics and Impure Science: The Swine Flu Affair. Baltimore and London: The John Hopkins University Press, 1981.

^ Heinen PP (15 September 2003). "Swine influenza: a zoonosis". Veterinary Sciences Tomorrow. ISSN 1569-0830. http://www.vetscite.org/publish/articles/000041/print.html. "Influenza B and C viruses are almost exclusively isolated from man, although influenza C virus has also been isolated from pigs and influenza B has recently been isolated from seals.".

APPENDICES

concept map

Photos

video of some photos of swine flu

2009-07-08T22:10:00.000-07:00

Name:Paula Gwen M. Balatero
Nick-name:Pau,Gwen,Pauline or it's up to you
Address:Zone 3,Vista Vista Sumilao,Buk.
B-date:Every bloom of August 16.
Zodiac:Leo
Birthstone:Topaz
School:Proud to be MFNHS

"PAULA'S FAVES"
Food:Pinoy dishes
Sweets:chocolates,cakes and ice cream
Actress:Maja Salvador,Melissa Ricks
Actor:Gerald Anderson,Matt Evans
Sports:badminton
Singer:Sarah Geromino
Foreign singers:Mariah Carey,Demi Lovato,Taylor Swift

"My Significance"
>a graceful dancer
>belong in top secton
>an officer of the school year 2009-10
>youth in our Church
>an honor student.....sometimes!!!

2009-07-01T17:57:00.000-07:00

Maria Theresa Laroco

I really appreciate the 1 Liter of Tears (Ichi Rituro no Namida) which is a Japanese J-dorama series based on the true story of a girl named Aya Kito who was stricken by a cruel disease called Spinocerebellar Degeneration. This disease affects Aya’s nervous system and as the name suggests, it poses a degeneration of her movements, and will eventually affect her mobility, speech, and even her ability to eat before she succumbs to a comatose state and finally, death. The theme of this series is very bleak but the overall tone in which the series conveys is, in spite of some tearjerking scenes, are very heartwarming. Aya Kito’s diary was made into a bestselling book and the series follows her trials and tribulations as she struggles to find hope, strength and courage to face such a devastating disease.
Aya is a normal 15-year old with high hopes of having the time of her life in high school. Imagine, she is only 15 year old to have a cruel disease which makes her life so short. And on that very short time, she wrote a diary when she was still 14 years old and it serves as her witness in her daily life happenings. With a loving family, teachers and friends, she never felt about being alone. And, when she got this disease, she ask to herself, to her mother, to her doctor and to God why that the disease choose her.
Every time she thinks about her future, tears come out again and again. Sometimes she feels like her body doesn't belong to her. As days goes by, her body gets weaker and weaker. And also, she realizes that she can never turn back the time and it’s enough to try her best in all her doings on that time. She’s trying to be healthy and strong to be able to be with her family and friends for a long time. For her, just being alive is such a lovely and wonderful feeling.
I simply loved this series without a doubt; this is one of the most effective and beautifully acted series I’ve seen in a long time. As the title suggested, I cried one liter of tears for Aya. I didn’t mourn for her dark fate but I mourned for her because she was so well-loved by everyone who met her and because the character of Aya is so relentlessly courageous and hopeful. There were so many chances that the director could have taken with such a tragic story. But luckily, instead of solely focusing on the tragedy, the series instead placed a huge emphasis on the affection and close-knit bonds of family and friends that surround and protect Aya as her health declines.
Not only is this series such a life-altering series to watch, it also has a gorgeous theme song to go along with it. “Only Human” by the K. Each time the song comes on at the end of each episode where real photographs of the real-life Aya Kito appear onscreen, my eyes tear up.
I’m so glad to have found a thought-provoking series like “1 Litre of Tears”. It breaks my heart to know that this series is based on a true story. Yet, I feel so grateful to get to know Aya and her family and to appreciate the lessons that she taught me. More than anything, Aya taught me the use of two words – love and hope. That was her legacy. Aya embodied all the best that a human being can hope to be. To continue life in the face of such adversity and to contribute joy to everyone whose lives she has touched is a miracle — and that makes Aya a miracle.

Name:
Maria Theresa Lopez Laroco
Nickname:
Tisay
Age:
15 years old
Birthday:
March 16, 1994
Address:
Poblacion, Manolo Fortich Bukidnon
School:
Manolo Fortich National High School
Zodiac sign:
Pisces
Birthstone:
Aquamarine

FAVORITES
TV Series:
1 Liter of Tears
Actress:
Erika Sawajiri or known as Aya Ikeuchi
Actor:
Nashikido Ryo or known as Haruto Asou
Song/s:
-Only human(Susume Ueda)
-soundtracks of 1 liter of tears
-Taylor Swift’s songs
-Korean Songs
Singer/s:
-Taylor swift
-Remioremen(Japanese)
Favorite words of wisdom:
“Just being alive is such a lovely and wonderful thing.”

Personal account of Paula Gwen

2009-06-30T22:07:00.000-07:00

The most memorable experience that happened in my life is when I was still a sophomore student and surprisingly I belong to the creme section.It was my first time to join a dance called NEO-ETHNIC.And you know what? I was so nervous at first because when our teacher call for an audition I was thinking that I will not be chosen.But in that sense my prediction was wrong,I was surprise because my friend named Leo approach me that I qualify in the screening.And with this matter I felt proud to myself.Probably in the first day of the practice I was thinking that I will not be happy with them,and I also felt that maybe I will not be comfortable in their company.In this part I just did my part and do my job in practicing the dance number.
To tell you honestly I was so very embarrass that time because our trainor mention my name in front of my co-dancers and he accused me for not memorizing the steps but to tell you the truth I always practice at home and I always try to accomplish what he wants to emphasize to us,and I always try to focus to what he taught to us.The resolution of this was I just pretend to be happy and I always mingle and jam with my friends.And I also appreciate my friend who comfort me and help me to conquer my problems and I was so very happy at that time that I discover that they are nice to be with and I think that they are my true friends. And now I am with them we make our selves like to each and everyone of us,and I'm thankful to GOD that he brought them to my life.

2009-06-14T04:54:00.000-07:00

Johanna

I would like to share to you my experience when my friend confess me of her big problem.The thing their is I don't know what to do or even what to say to her. This lad is facing hardships upon the gossips around her. Ans she don't know how to handle her problem.
Like any other day in my life I consider this day as my most memorable moment in my life because she told me about her story. Her traitor friends are accusing her about her identity. They say that she is not virgin anymore. And for that ridiculous story she is to conscious of her self. She always cry every afternoon so in that time our teacher approach us, the two of us and ask us why or what's the problem. And that time she confess the truth to our teacher. And so our teacher advice us what to do. And she she told her mother the truth about what was happening at her in school. And for the advice that was given to us by our teacher, the problem and the conflict was given appropriate solution and the result was she was not worried anymore because she releases the true story of the gossip.
And in that matter I have consider her as a trusted friend because if she has a problem she approach me and also I share my secrets and experiences to her. And I would say that this will be my memorable moment in my life because this was the first time that I have encountered a friend seeking for respect and help.Honestly speaking I was so happy that she told me about her story and she really trusted me as a friend that she is willing to sacrifice to clean the mess made by her traitor friend and now she still telling me on her problem about her mother. And for that I appreciate having a friend like her.

Sentence Outline

I. Influenza A (H1N1)
A.Definition
B. Origin
C.History
II. Body
A. Cause
B. Effect
C. Symptoms
D. Treatment
III. Overview
A. Prevention
B. Vaccine
C Medication
D. First Aid
IV. Details
A. Vastness of the virus
B. Agencies that help prevent the virus
C. Mortality rate
V. Findings
A. Results-During periods when influenzavirus was circulating,the average number of hospitalizations for cardiopulmonary conditionsin excess of the expected number was 104 per 10,000 childrenper year for children younger than 6 months of age, 50 per 10,000per year for those 6 months to less than 12 months, 19 per 10,000per year for those 1 year to less than 3 years, 9 per 10,000per year for those 3 years to less than 5 years, and 4 per 10,000per year for those 5 years to less than 15 years. For every100 children, an annual average of 6 to 15 outpatient visitsand 3 to 9 courses of antibiotics were attributable to influenza.In winter, 10 to 30 percent of the excess number of coursesof antibiotics occurred during periods when influenzavirus wascirculating.
B. Conclusion-Healthy children younger than one year of age arehospitalized for illness attributable to influenza at ratessimilar to those for adults at high risk for influenza. Therate of hospitalization decreases markedly with age. Influenzaaccounts for a substantial number of outpatient visits and coursesof antibiotics in children of all ages. (N Engl J Med 2000;342:225-31.)

Personal Account

CONCEPT MAP

1.Description of my research topic

breast cancer

2.Use the following sites or references
a.google.com
b.alltheweb.com
c.webcrawler.com

3.email your blog address,topic & names of members at improgo-neil@yahoo.com

4.assignments,activities and other task in english visit at www.neil-englishisfun.blogspot.com

RESOURCES

Swine flu virus:

1. Symptoms of A H1N1

2. Treatment for A H1N1

3. General information of A H1n1

4. Shanghai's first A/H1N1 flu patient discharged from hospital

5. Prevention of Swine flu

6. Causes of Swine flu

7.Countries affected by A H1N1

8.The similarities of A H1N1 from other virus

9.History of A H1N1 virus and definition

10.Vaccination of A H1N1

11.Effects of A H1N1 virus

12.Organizations that help to prevent the A H1N1 virus

13.Protecting yourself from swine flu without vaccination

14.facilities & equipments used by doctors to cure the patients

15.Scientist struggle to understand swine flu virus

16.The vastness of the A H1N1 virus

17.The evolution of A H1N1 virus to our body

18.Lifespan of the patient affected of A H1N1 virus

19.Medicine for A H1N1 virus

20.Effects of A H1N1 to our physical appearance

21.A H1N1 to pigs

22.Effects of A H1N virus to the pregnant women

23.Transmission of A H1N1 virus to the other person

24.Comments on the findings of A H1N1 virus

25.How to guide a pregnant women having A H1N1 virus

1.Description of our topic

causes:

3 causes(strains)

-Type A is responsible for the deadly influenza pandemics (worldwide epidemics) that strike every 10 to 40 years, whereas

-Type B causes smaller, more localized outbreaks.

-Type C is less common and causes only mild symptoms.

another thing is:

*Can be spread by touching something that has been handled by someone infected with the virus and then touching your own mouth, nose, or eyes .

*inhaling droplets that have been coughed or sneezed out by an infected person or by having direct contact with an infected person's secretions.

*Handling household articles that have been in contact with an infected person

EFFECTS:

SYMPTOMS:

VACCINES:

PREVENTION:

CONCLUSION:

Healthy children younger than
one year of age are hospitalized
for illness attributable to
influenza at rates similar to
those for adults at high risk
for influenza. The rate of
hospitalization decreases markedly
with age. Influenza
accounts for a substantial number
of outpatient visits and courses
of antibiotics in children of all ages.

2009-06-14T03:45:00.000-07:00

What is this new flu?
"Swine flu" is an influenza A (H1N1) virus normally found in pigs. There are many such viruses and they rarely infect humans. The virus currently causing human illness is a new type of swine flu that has developed the ability to infect people and be transmitted from person to person.

Although this new virus is called "swine flu," it is not transmitted from pigs to humans, or from eating pork products. Like other respiratory diseases, it is spread from person to person through coughs and sneezes. When people cough or sneeze, they spread germs through the air or onto surfaces that other people may touch.

We've prepared this article to enable members to become both prepared and informed. Don't panic and keep this in perspective with a regular flu season. According to Dr. David Fleming, Director & Health Officer for Public Health - Seattle & King County, "So far, locally and nationally, this swine flu strain appears to be no more severe than the flu we'd see in a typical flu season." The advice and recommendations shared are appropriate for good health and hygiene year round.

Everyday behaviors to stay healthy

* Eat well, stay hydrated, exercise, practice stress relief and get adequate rest to keep your immune system healthy and ready for challenge.
* If you are sick, stay home from work or school.
* Cover your nose and mouth with a tissue when you cough or sneeze. Throw the tissue in the trash after you use it. If a tissue is unavailable, sneeze or cough into your sleeve at the elbow. Developing this habit will help prevent hand to object transmission of virus.
* Wash your hands often with soap and water, especially after you cough or sneeze. To be effective, use soap and water, washing for 20 seconds. Help your child wash long enough by singing Happy Birthday or another short song during the wash. If you don't have access to soap and water, use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer.

* To further prevent the spread of germs, avoid touching your eyes, nose or mouth.
* Avoid close contact with sick people.

What are the symptoms?
Human symptoms for this new type of H1N1 flu are similar to the symptoms of the regular "seasonal" influenza that happens each year. Symptoms include fever, cough and sore throat. In addition, fatigue, lack of appetite, runny nose, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea have been reported.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has determined that the H1N1 virus causing mild illness in some states is the same strain as the virus causing an outbreak of respiratory illness among humans in some areas of Mexico. It is not yet known if all of the fatal or hospitalized respiratory illness cases in Mexico are actually due to this virus. It is being investigated.

Should I go to the doctor?
It is not necessary to see a health care provider if flu symptoms are mild. If symptoms are more severe, call your health care provider to discuss if you or your child need to be seen and evaluated.

Keep children who are sick at home. Don't send them to school or daycare.

* Have them drink a lot of liquid (juice, water, Pedialyte™).
* Keep the sick child comfortable. Rest is important.
* For fever, sore throat, and muscle aches, you can use fever-reducing medicines that your doctor recommends based on your child's age. Do not use aspirin with children or teenagers; it can cause Reye’s syndrome, a life-threatening illness.
* If someone in your home is sick, keep him or her away from those who are not sick.
* Keep tissues close to the sick person and have a trash bag within reach for disposing used tissues.